Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is the United States government's principal agency for protecting the health of all its citizens and providing essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves.

National Institutes of Health (NIH) – NIH directs and funds much of the medical and behavioral research in the U.S. NIH supports and maintains the world’s largest repository of genetic sequence data for all biota and a similar repository for chemical data. NIH also provides funding and partnerships for research into the medicinal applications of naturally occurring compounds, many of which are found in areas of high biodiversity in foreign nations, such as rainforest and wetland environments.

GenBank, ChemBank - The National Library of Medicine receives genetic sequence data and chemical compound data for any organism or unique molecule and maintains free publicly databases on line. These internet databases allow researchers anywhere in the world to submit and access data and associated scientific literature citations to support research.

International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups Program (ICBG) - supported by National Institutes of Health, NSF, and the USDA; funds research and local capacity-building projects on drug discovery from biodiversity, integrated with efforts to promote scientific and economic development and biodiversity conservation. Also supports biodiversity inventory and novel approaches to benefit-sharing associated with use of genetic resources.

Technology Transfer Branch, National Cancer Institute - Develops the access and benefit-sharing terms of the NCI’s “bioprospecting” work searching for medically or economically useful naturally occurring compounds in foreign nations. This work generally requires either a Letter of Collection or a Memorandum of Understanding with the source country or tribe, mandating the protection of regional biological diversity during resource collection and compensation for the source country/group.